16. Income Taxes Amounts charged to (credited in) the consolidated statement of comprehensive income are as follows: in millions of Swiss francs 2021 2020 Income state - ment Other compre - hensive income Own equity instru - ments Tot al Income state - ment Other compre - hensive income Own equity instru - ments Tot al Current taxes - in respect of current year 191 2 193 176 (3) 173 - in respect of prior years (4) (4) (6) (6) Deferred taxes - in respect of current year (50) 46 (4) (36) (1) (37) - reclassified from equity to income statement - in respect of prior years 7 (2) 5 (1) (1) Total income tax expense 144 46 190 133 (4) 129 Since the Group operates globally, it is subject to income taxes in many different tax jurisdictions. As such, in determining the provision for income taxes, judgment is required as there are transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain at the time of preparing the financial statements. As a result, any differences between the final tax outcome and the amounts that were initially recorded impact the current and deferred taxes in the period in which such final determinations are made. The Group calculates on the basis of the income statement its average applicable tax rate as a weighted average of the tax rates in the tax jurisdictions in which the Group operates, including research tax credits and withholding tax on dividends, interest and royalties. The Group’s average applicable tax rate differs from the Group’s effective tax rate as follows: 2021 2020 Group's average applicable tax rate 14% 16% Tax effect of Income not taxable (4%) (3%) Expenses not deductible 5% 2% Change in tax rate 1% 1% Other adjustments of income taxes of prior years (2%) (1%) Other differences 1% – Group's effective tax rate 15% 15% The variation in the Group’s average applicable tax rate arises due to changes in the composition of the Group’s profitability within the Group’s subsidiaries, in accordance with the Group’s business profile in terms of geographical presence, product mix and customer portfolio, as well as external factors related to changes in local statutory tax rates. Income tax assets and liabilities Amounts recognised in the statement of financial position related to income taxes are as follows: As at 31 December in millions of Swiss francs 2021 2020 Current income tax assets 57 66 Current income tax liabilities (188) (157) Total net current income tax asset (liability) (131) (91) Governance Report Compensation Report Consolidated Financial Report Statutory Financial Report Appendix 79 Givaudan — 2021 Governance, Compensation and Financial Report Notes to the consolidated financial statements