the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods. The future cash outflows incorporate actuarial assumptions primarily regarding the projected rates of remuneration growth, and long-term indexation rates. Discount rates, used to determine the present value of the defined benefit obligation, are based on the market yields of high quality corporate bonds in the country concerned. Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise. Past service costs are recognised immediately in the income statement. Pension assets and liabilities in different defined benefit schemes are not offset unless the Group has a legally enforceable right to use the surplus in one plan to settle obligations in another plan. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions into publicly or privately administrated funds. The Group has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been made. The contributions are charged to the income statement in the year to which they relate. 2.8.2 Other post-retirement obligations Some Group companies provide certain post-retirement healthcare and life insurance benefits to their retirees, the entitlement to which is usually based on the employee remaining in service up to retirement age and completing a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the periods in which employees render service to the Group. 2.9 Share-Based Payments The Group has established a performance share plan to align the long-term interests of key executives and members of the Board of Directors with the interests of the shareholders. Key executives are awarded a portion of their performance-related compensation in equity- settled share-based payment transactions. The costs are recorded in each relevant functions part of the employees’ remuneration as personnel expenses with a corresponding entry in equity in own equity instruments for equity-settled share-based payment transactions. The different share-based payments are described below: 2.9.1 Performance Share Plan Key executives are awarded a portion of their performance-related compensation in equity- settled share-based payment transactions in the form of a performance share plan. The performance share plan is established with Givaudan registered shares and a vesting period of three years. The Group has at its disposal either treasury shares or conditional share capital. The cost of equity-settled instruments is expensed as employee remuneration over the vesting period, together with a corresponding increase in equity in own equity instruments. The cost is determined by reference to the fair value of the shares expected to be delivered at the date of vesting. Performance conditions are included in the assumptions in which the number of shares varies. No market conditions are involved. The fair value is determined as the market price at grant date reduced by the present value of dividends expected or any other expected distribution to the shareholders to be paid during the vesting period, as participants are not entitled to receive dividends or any other distribution to the shareholders during the vesting period. At each statement of financial position date the Group revises its estimates of the number of shares that are expected to be delivered. Where an equity-settled award is cancelled, it is treated as if it had vested on the date of cancellation. 2.9.2 Restricted Share Plan The members of the Board of Directors receive a portion of their compensation in equity- settled share-based payment transactions in the form of restricted share units. Restricted shares are set generally with a vesting period of three years, during which the restricted shares cannot be settled or transferred. The Group has at its disposal treasury shares for the delivery of the restricted shares. The cost of these equity-settled instruments to be expensed, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the vesting period, is determined by reference to the fair value of the restricted shares granted at the date of the grant. Service conditions are included in the assumptions about the number of restricted shares that are expected to become deliverable. No performance conditions are included. The fair value is determined as the market price at grant date reduced by the present value of dividends expected or any other expected distribution to the shareholders to be paid during the vesting period, as participants are not entitled to receive dividends or any other distribution to the shareholders during the vesting period. 50 Givaudan — 2021 Governance, Compensation and Financial Report Governance Report Compensation Report Consolidated Financial Report Statutory Financial Report Appendix Notes to the consolidated financial statements